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The Spanish Campaign and Its Costs
The Black Prince’s campaign in Spain is described vividly in Froissart’s chronicles. While the campaign was a great military success, it came with heavy...
Local Resistance in Acquitaine
Although Guienne remained relatively loyal to the English until the end of their rule, the neighboring provinces were far less cooperative. Many questioned whether...
The Start of the Conflict
Acquitaine became a key factor in the war when Philip VI of France, known as Philip de Valois, made certain encroachments on the territory...
The Rise of the Middle Class
During the period when ordinary people, especially the middle class, began to gain knowledge and influence, the nobles largely remained unchanged. They continued their...
Chivalry and the Restriction of Liberty
While the follies and cruelties of chivalry are often criticized, an even more serious problem was its effect on the freedom of ordinary people....
Chivalry and the Role of Women
Women have always held an important place in society, and their influence is widely acknowledged and celebrated. Their guidance, moral presence, and nurturing instincts...
The Transfer of Antiquities After the War
After the First World War and the Turkish War of Independence, major political and social changes took place in Anatolia. As a result of...
Post-Byzantine Art in Anatolia
The panel paintings discussed in this article come from post-Byzantine Anatolia. These works of art are important historical witnesses. They show the vitality and...
A Traditional Saying
The Turkish proverb quoted at the beginning says:
“Obstinacy belongs to the ignorant, quarrel to the foolish, silence to the intelligent, and law to the...
The Vision on the Lord’s Day
Behind me I heard a voice as loud as a trumpet. It said, “Write on a scroll what you see and send it to...
